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  • Surface Book Keyboard: unknown USB device (device descriptor request failed)

    Error

    Unknown USB device (device descriptor request failed).

    Description

    In Bluetooth & devices > Devices in the Settings interface, under the Input section, the device with the keyboard icon says, “unknown USB device (device descriptor request failed)”.

    Solution

    • Expand the panel for the keyboard device.
    • Click the Remove this device link.
    • The operating system will try to reinstall the device with the proper driver. Warning: This may take up to a minute.
  • How-to Access ‘AppData’ Folder in Windows?

    Run dialog box

    1. Press Windows + R to open the Run dialog box.
    2. Type %appdata% and press Enter.
    3. This will open the Roaming subfolder of AppData. To access the main AppData folder, click AppData in the address bar.

    File Explorer

    1. Press Windows + E to open File Explorer, left-click inside the address bar.
    2. Type %appdata% and press Enter.
    3. This will open the Roaming subfolder of AppData. To access the main AppData folder, click AppData in the address bar.
  • Color Code Converter

  • OSI Model

    LayerProtocol data unit (PDU)FunctionCommon Protocols
    Host layers  7Application  Data  High-level protocols such as for resource sharing or remote file access, e.g. HTTP. DNS, HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, POP, IMAP, SMTP, SNMP
    6PresentationTranslation of data between a networking service and an application; including character encoding, data compression and encryption/decryptionMIME, SSL/TLS, XDR
    5SessionManaging communication sessions, i.e., continuous exchange of information in the form of multiple back-and-forth transmissions between two nodes Named pipe, NetBIOS, SAP, PPTP, RTP, SOCKS, X.225, Domain Name Sytem, Remote Procedure Call, Network File System
    4TransportSegment, DatagramReliable transmission of data segments between points on a network, including segmentation, acknowledgement, and multiplexingTCP, UDP, SCTP, DCCP, SPX
    Media layers3NetworkPacketStructuring and managing a multi-node network, including addressing, routing and traffic controlIP (IPv4Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) IPv4 address classes Predefined ranges of IP addresses (Classes A, B, C, D, and E) designed to allocate addresses based on network size, with Class A for large networks, Class B for medium-sized networks, Class C for small networks, Class D for multicast, and Class E reserved for experimental use.PublicClassRangeSubnet MaskCIDR notationA0. 0.0.0 – 126.255.255.255255.0.0.0 B128.0.0.0 – 191.255.255.255255.255.0.0 C192. 0.0.0 – 223.255.255.255255.255.255.0 D224.0.0.0 – 239.255.255.255  E240.0.0.0 – 255.255.255.255  PrivateClassRangeSubnet MaskCIDR notationA10. 0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255255.0.0.010.0.0.0/8B172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255255.255.0.0172.16.0.0/16C192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255255.255.255.0192.168.0.0/24Loopback RangeRangeSubnet maskCIDR notation127.0.0.0–127.255.255.255255.0.0.0127.0.0.0/8127.0.0.1Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA; aka Link-Local address)RangeSubnet maskCIDR notation169.254.0.0 – 169.254.255.255255.255.0.0169.254.0.0/16Internetwork Broadcast Address255.255.255.255Network Broadcast Addressx.x.x.255, IPv6), ICMP, IPsec, IGMP, IPX, IS-IS, AppleTalk, X.25, PLP, RIP
    2DatalinkFrameTransmission of data frames between two nodes connected by a physical layerATM, ARP, Synchronous Data Link Control, High-Level Data Link Control, CSLIP, Serial Line Interface Protocol, GFP, PLIP, IEEE 802.2, LLC, MAC, L2TP, IEEE 802.3, Frame Relay, ITU-T G.hn DLL, Point-to-Point Protocol, X.25 LAPB, Q.922 Link Access Procedure, STP
    1PhysicalBit, SymbolTransmission and reception of raw bit streams over a physical medium RS-232, RS-449, ITU-T V-Series, I.430, I.431, PDH, SONET/SDH, PON, OTN, DSL, IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15, IEEE 802.16, IEEE 1394, ITU-T G.hn PHY, USB, Bluetooth

  • How-To Install YouTube Music App on Windows?

    How-To Install YouTube/YouTube Music/YouTube TV Apps on Microsoft Windows

    YouTube doesn’t offer apps in the Microsoft Store, but they do support Native App installation via web browsers that looks and feels like an app offered from the Microsoft Store.

    Microsoft Edge

    1. Go to the website that you want to install as an app. For example, music.youtube.com, tv.youtube.com, or youtube.com.
    2. Click the ellipses menu item located at the upper left of the browser to access settings for the browser.
    3. Located the “Apps” menu item and hover over it or touch it.
    4. A sub-menu item should appear with a menu item that says, “Install this site  as an app”.
  • How-To Completely Uninstall Joomla! Extension?

    Some Joomla extensions do not completely uninstall their plugins, modules, and component, directories, and files. These extensions can include VirtueMart and AdminTools. This can interfere with and disrupt the Joomla update checker process by continuing to search for extension that have been partially uninstalled and don’t exist in the system.

    Joomla extensions store data in both the database and the file system.

    Extension files are store in the following file system directories:

    • Components
    • Media
    • Modules
    • Plugins
    • Administrator/Components
    • Administrator/Modules

    Extension files are stored in the database

    • _extensions
    • _modules

    There could be other data store in the database depending on the type of extension that was installed. Some extensions offer different content types. If any residual data is left in the database, it ould be stored in the _content_type table.

  • Do VLANs, Routers, and Switches Forward ARP Requests?

    Short answer: No, VLANs and router by default don’t forward broadcast or ARP Requests to devices outside of their network. Yes, Layer 2 switches, do forward broadcast and ARP Requests.

    Explanation: VLANs and router create and represent separate broadcast domains. A broadcast domain is a logical division of a computer network where all devices can communicate with each other by sending broadcast messages at the data link layer (Layer 2 of the OSI model). This means that any broadcast sent by a device within this domain is received by all other devices in the same domain, but not by devices in different broadcast domains. Typically, all devices connected to the same Ethernet switch or hub are part of the same broadcast domain, while routers separate different broadcast domains to manage traffic and reduce congestion.

  • How To Remove WordPress Generator Meta Tags?

    Add the following code to the functions.php file in your child theme’s directory.

    Remove WordPress ‘Generator’ Tag

    remove_action(‘wp_head’, ‘wc_generator’);

    Remove WooCommerce ‘Generator’ Tag

    remove_action(‘wp_head’, ‘wp_generator’);

    Remove Performance Labs ‘Generator’ Tag

    remove_action(‘wp_head’, ‘perflab_render_generator’);

  • How-to install Drupal in root instead of web directory?

    For security purposes, you should ensure that sensitive directories like /vendor are not exposed by properly configuring your web server.

    Likely, the best method for making your Drupal site accessible via the root directory (/) is by pointing your domain to the /web directory, i.e. making the /web directory the root directory.

    Another method to install Drupal in the root directory is to modify the composer.json file before running composer install.

    To install drupal in root (/) directory instead of web (/web) directory, you must:

    1. Move contents from cms and web directory to root directory,
    2. Edit composer.json file section, replacing the web setting to ./ at the drupal-scaffold and installer-paths directives.

    If you need more help, follow the instructions in our tutorial: Install Drupal CMS in Root Directory.

  • Where Are iptables-persistent/iptables-services Rules Files Located in cPanel/WHM?

    Location of IPv4Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) IPv4 address classes Predefined ranges of IP addresses (Classes A, B, C, D, and E) designed to allocate addresses based on network size, with Class A for large networks, Class B for medium-sized networks, Class C for small networks, Class D for multicast, and Class E reserved for experimental use.PublicClassRangeSubnet MaskCIDR notationA0. 0.0.0 – 126.255.255.255255.0.0.0 B128.0.0.0 – 191.255.255.255255.255.0.0 C192. 0.0.0 – 223.255.255.255255.255.255.0 D224.0.0.0 – 239.255.255.255  E240.0.0.0 – 255.255.255.255  PrivateClassRangeSubnet MaskCIDR notationA10. 0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255255.0.0.010.0.0.0/8B172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255255.255.0.0172.16.0.0/16C192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255255.255.255.0192.168.0.0/24Loopback RangeRangeSubnet maskCIDR notation127.0.0.0–127.255.255.255255.0.0.0127.0.0.0/8127.0.0.1Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA; aka Link-Local address)RangeSubnet maskCIDR notation169.254.0.0 – 169.254.255.255255.255.0.0169.254.0.0/16Internetwork Broadcast Address255.255.255.255Network Broadcast Addressx.x.x.255 file: /etc/sysconfig/iptables

    Location of IPv6 file: /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables

    Linux Command to Access Them Directly

    1. In the terminal,
    2. Type (or paste) vi /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables for IPv6 file, or
    3. vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables for IPv4 file

    Linux Command to Get to Directory

    1. In the terminal,
    2. Type (or paste) cd /etc/sysconfig to navigate to the sysconfig directory, or
    3. ls /etc/sysconfig to list items in the sysconfig directory.